● Case studies ● Structured observation
Reflection
Open-ended questions in surveys
These are examples of an open-ended question that is often seen in surveys:
Please list any other barriers limiting your programming on climate change.
Do you have any additional comments you would like to share?
Please share with us one of your favorite memories from your time on campus.
What do you consider the biggest challenge to beginning farmers?
What do you see as the biggest barrier to achieving your urban agriculture goals?
Describe the most interesting activity you did during your travel to Tanzania.
Key-informants, Focus Groups, and Interviews
These are some instruments that you can adapt and use in your work:
● This is an example of a Generic Key Informant Guide and questions. ● This is an example of a Generic Focus Group Guide and questionnaire used in a community-based needs assessment. ● This is an example of a Generic Observation Protocol. Stacy Jacob and Paige Furgerson published an excellent article entitled, "Writing Interview Protocols and Conducting Interviews: Tips for Students New to the Field of Qualitative Research" (2012) that is succinct and approachable. Read it here: Writing Interview Protocols Qualitative Sampling Deciding who to interview and how many interviews are needed is a critical step in qualitative research. Often, sampling is more often thought about in regards to quantitative methods where random probability sampling produces a representative sample from a larger population. In qualitative work, non-probability sampling is used because the researcher is using subjective judgment to determine the samples to be included (in other words, it is not random). Purposive or deliberate sampling is often used in qualitative research.
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