The term wellness is typically “used to refer to services aimed at an individual. For these and probably other reasons, practitioners and researchers working with systems and communities use the term well-being” (Roulier, 2020). As compared to wellness, the concept of well-being also includes such things as how satisfied people are with their lives as a whole, the sense of control they have over their lives, and their sense of purpose in life (New Economics Foundation, 2012). Well-being also entails being accepted into and belonging to a community, providing and receiving support from others, and acting as a legitimate contributor to a common world” (Pronk et al, 2019). Moreover, well-being focuses on creating equitable opportunities for people to thrive in every aspect of life and to create meaningful futures. This updated Framework is grounded in an examination of (1) major health-related events which have occurred since 2014, (2) changes which have occurred within Cooperative Extension over time, and (3) a review of current literature and best practices in relevant fields. Summaries of these in-depth examinations can be found in the sections which follow. The Changing Health Landscape Since 2014, numerous societal and environmental influences have produced significant changes to the landscape in which people live their lives. This section highlights some of the those influences and their impact on the health of various groups. These influences include the opioid crisis, mental health, coronavirus pandemic, climate change, food insecurity, and the increasing costs of health insurance and healthcare. America’s Opioid Misuse Crisis Since 1999, more than 750,000 people have died from drug overdoses in the U.S. with two-thirds of those deaths involving an opioid (CDC, 2020). The opioid epidemic resulted from multiple factors, not the least of which was the over-prescription of highly addictive painkillers to reduce pain associated chronic health conditions. Communities experiencing poverty, joblessness, and low access to educational opportunities were among the hardest hit by the opioid crisis. For people of color, inequitable access to evidence-based prevention and recovery services, reliance on punitive approaches to control drug use, and ongoing economic disinvestment have created even deeper inequities in health-related use outcomes (Kunins, 2020; Donnelly et al., 2020). Mental Health During the summer of 2020, 41% of adults in the U.S. reported having an adverse mental or behavioral health condition with younger adults, racial ethnic minorities, and essential workers experiencing disproportionately worse mental health outcomes, increased substance use, and elevated suicidal ideation (CDC, 2020). Similarly, researchers at Boston University discovered that prevalence of depression symptoms in adults was three times higher during COVID-19 with the highest burden falling disproportionately on those already at increased risk (Ettman, et al., 2020). A recent survey suggests that mental issues may be even more prevalent in young people with 81% of teens indicating that they believe mental health is a major issue among their peers and 71% reporting that they were experiencing mental health struggles of their own (Harris Poll, 2020). SAMHSA warns that the effects of mental health issues experienced during the pandemic are potentially long-lasting and very consequential for individuals and their families.
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